The strategy on One Health development in China based on SWOT analysis.

The pandemic of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide has prompted the use One Health concept to solve health problems and improve the public health governance system. Using the Superiority Weakness Opportunity Threats (SWOT) analysis method to analyze the opportunities and challenges brought by the current development of One Health in China. The results show that the current advantage is that the Chinese government attaches great importance to One Health, and Chinese scholars are also actively involved in the development of One Health, but there are still disadvantages of weak foundation and low international influence. At the same time, with the opportunity for more recognition of the concept of One Health in the world, China is facing challenges such as insufficient talent competitiveness and unbalanced development in the development of One Health. In this regard, this paper puts forward the strategies and key research contents for developing One Health in China to provide ideas for promoting the development of One Health in China.Copyright © 2022, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases. All rights reserved.

Antibacterial anodic aluminium oxide-copper coatings on aluminium alloys: preparation and long-term antibacterial performance

Anodic aluminium oxide-copper (AAO-Cu) coatings were prepared on the aluminium (Al) alloy substrates to attain excellent antibacterial performance and mechanical stability. The nanoporous AAO interlayer was ob-tained by anodic oxidation with an outer Cu layer deposited by electroplating. The intermediate zone (similar to 2 mu m thick) of the AAO-Cu coating plays a significant role in the coating properties. The interlocking effect in the AAO-Cu intermediate zone significantly enhances the coating adhesion and curbs the coating defoliation. The anti-bacterial tests show that the AAO-Cu zone provides excellent antibacterial ability even when the outer Cu coating was removed. The sustained antibacterial rate of the AAO-Cu intermediate zone against E. coli exceeded 95%. The Cu ions released from the embedded Cu in the nanoporous AAO structure ensure a long-term antibacterial capability. This coating system can be promoted in a large wide range of antibacterial products in public.

Chest computed tomography analysis of lung sparing morphology: differentiation of COVID-19 pneumonia from influenza pneumonia and bacterial pneumonia using the arched bridge and vacuole signs.

INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated the arched bridge and vacuole signs, which constitute morphological patterns of lung sparing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), then examined whether these signs could be used to differentiate COVID-19 pneumonia from influenza pneumonia or bacterial pneumonia. METHODS: In total, 187 patients were included: 66 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, 50 patients with influenza pneumonia and positive computed tomography findings, and 71 patients with bacterial pneumonia and positive computed tomography findings. Images were independently reviewed by two radiologists. The incidences of the arched bridge sign and/or vacuole sign were compared among the COVID-19 pneumonia, influenza pneumonia, and bacterial pneumonia groups. RESULTS: The arched bridge sign was much more common among patients with COVID-19 pneumonia (42/66, 63.6%) than among patients with influenza pneumonia (4/50, 8.0%; P<0.001) or bacterial pneumonia (4/71, 5.6%; P<0.001). The vacuole sign was also much more common among patients with COVID-19 pneumonia (14/66, 21.2%) than among patients with influenza pneumonia (1/50, 2.0%; P=0.005) or bacterial pneumonia (1/71, 1.4%; P<0.001). The signs occurred together in 11 (16.7%) patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, but they did not occur together in patients with influenza pneumonia or bacterial pneumonia. The arched bridge and vacuole signs predicted COVID-19 pneumonia with respective specificities of 93.4% and 98.4%. CONCLUSION: The arched bridge and vacuole signs are much more common in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and can help differentiate COVID-19 pneumonia from influenza and bacterial pneumonia.

[Bedside monitoring of lung perfusion by electrical impedance tomography].

As a non-invasive and radiation-free bedside imaging method, electrical impedance tomography (EIT) can perform real-time regional pulmonary ventilation evaluation and pulmonary blood flow monitoring for patients, thus realizing bedside ventilation/perfusion matching visualization, effectively guiding the pathophysiological mechanism of hypoxemia, and providing a new method for the study of pulmonary blood flow. EIT has also played a unique and irreplaceable role in COVID-19 research and treatment. At the same time, as functional imaging, the operation details and image reconstruction algorithm of this technology still need to be further optimized by more researches to provide a more robust evaluation in clinical application. In this paper, EIT pulmonary blood flow monitoring methods, operation and implementation of monitoring indicators, application and related research progress will be described.

Study on epidemiological investigation method for family clustering epidemic for a case with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Objective To analyze the transmission characteristics of family clustering of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a town in Tianjin, and to study new epidemiological investigation method applied for the epidemic. Methods The field epidemiological method was applied to investigate confirmed, suspected cases and close contacts of COVID-19, and this clustering epidemic was analyze;and real-time fluorescence PCR (RT-PCR) assay was used for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid testing. Results A total of 11 confirmed cases and 1 suspected case, with three generations of transmission and median generation interval of 6 (2-26) days were involved in current clustering epidemic, the confirmed cases were infectious at the end of the incubation period, the recurrence rate within the families was 33. 33% (19/57), and the epidemiological investigation information acquired through case narration were deviated compared with the trace investigated by police force and the information provided by close contacts. Conclusion The COVID-19 can cause the family clustering spread, and it may infectious at the end of the incubation period. It is necessary to strengthen the trace and management of close contacts during clustering epidemics, and multiple methods adopted making for acquiring epidemiological investigation information. © 2022, Editorial Department of Medical Pest Control. All rights reserved.

Advances in small molecular inhibitors of IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway

As a pleiotropic cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6) participates in many physiological activities in vivo. IL-6 plays an important role in the physiology and pathology of chronic inflammation, autoimmune diseases, tumors and other diseases through diverse mechanisms. At present, inhibitors targeting IL-6/IL-6R have been shown to improve treatments for some inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. IL-6 binds to a specific receptor to activate the downstream JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. However abnormally activated STAT3 often appears in various types of malignant tumors and participates in the occurrence and development of tumors. In addition, studies have shown that IL-6 is a key factor in the cytokine storm associated with COVID-19 patients. The physiological participation of IL-6/STAT3 pathway in complex diseases makes this pathway become a research hotspot for drug discovery. Therefore, we summarize the latest research progress of small molecular inhibitors on IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway, in order to provide a reference for the development of IL-6/STAT3 related drug in the future. © 2021, Chinese Pharmaceutical Association. All rights reserved.

The strategy on One Health development in China based on SWOT analysis

The pandemic of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide has prompted the use One Health concept to solve health problems and improve the public health governance system. Using the Superiority Weakness Opportunity Threats (SWOT) analysis method to analyze the opportunities and challenges brought by the current development of One Health in China. The results show that the current advantage is that the Chinese government attaches great importance to One Health, and Chinese scholars are also actively involved in the development of One Health, but there are still disadvantages of weak foundation and low international influence. At the same time, with the opportunity for more recognition of the concept of One Health in the world, China is facing challenges such as insufficient talent competitiveness and unbalanced development in the development of One Health. In this regard, this paper puts forward the strategies and key research contents for developing One Health in China to provide ideas for promoting the development of One Health in China. © 2022, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases. All rights reserved.

Transformational leadership and employee performance in international commercial banking industry in Malaysia: The role of self-efficacy as a mediator under BRI

Introduction - Since Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was proposed by the Chinese government, Malaysia, as a vital link in Asia, has actively responded to the initiative. Thus, China has increased foreign direct investment (FDI) in Malaysia and has become the largest investor. Due to the spreading of Covid-19, the progress of Belt and Road projects has been dragged down, which has caused Malaysian government treasury deficits and an increase of credit risk to the bank. In order to control costs and compliance with government policy to prevent the spread of the Covid-19, Malaysia international commercial banking industry service has shifted their work and tasks from office to home. Purpose - The research focused on discovering the direct and indirect relationship among transformational leadership, self-efficacy, and employee performance in the international commercial banking industry in Malaysian. Design/methodology/approach - Quantitative Approach Findings - In this study, 450 survey questionnaires were distributed to international commercial banks in Malaysian, and after data cleaning and screening, 302 questionnaires were valid. By analysing with SmartPLS, the result illustrated that all four hypotheses were supported, where self-efficacy significantly mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and employee performance. Conclusion - The research investigated the improvement methods of employee' performance to maintain the bank's services, in which excellent leadership plays a vital role in managing employees to reach higher performance. Thus, positive changes in transformational leadership in the banking industry should be promoted. Moreover, employees should strive to maintain their innovation at work, which will be beneficial to the smooth operation of the banking industry and maintain the economic chain services of BRI during the Covid-19 period.

Synthesis and evaluation of N-cycloberberine derivatives as a novel class of anti-SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus agents

There is no specific drug against COVID-19, but berberine (BBR) has moderate anti-SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus activity. Taking BBR as the lead, 18 novel N-cycloberberine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus activities in vitro. Structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that introducing an appropriate heterocyclic group at position 9 might be beneficial for potency. Among the tested compounds, compound 3m showed the most potent activity against SARS-CoV-2, with EC50 value of 1.61 μmol·L-1 and SI value of 22.2, much better than that of BBR. Additional experiment indicated that 3m had inhibitory activity on multiple processes in viral invasion, including adsorption and membrane fusion, suggesting a multi-target synergistic mechanism of action. These results provide a novel family of lead compounds for the discovery of anti-SARS-CoV-2 candidates. © 2021, Chinese Pharmaceutical Association. All rights reserved.

Utilizing integrating network pharmacological approaches to investigate the potential mechanism of Ma Xing Shi Gan Decoction in treating COVID-19.

Beginning in December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), due to 2019-nCoV infection, emerged in Wuhan and spread rapidly throughout China and even worldwide. Employing combined therapy of modern medicine and traditional Chinese medicine has been proposed, in which Ma Xing Shi Gan Decoction (MXSGD) was recommended as a basic prescription and applied widely in the clinical treatment of COVID-19. We investigated the underlying mechanism of MXSGD in treating COVID-19 utilizing the approaches of integrating network pharmacology. A total of 97 active ingredients of MXSGD were screened out, and 169 targets were predicted. The protein-protein interaction network exhibited hub targets of MXSGD, such as Heat shock protein 90, RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase, Transcription factor AP-1, Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1, Cellular tumor antigen p53, Vascular endothelial growth factor A, and Tumour necrosis factor. Gene Ontology functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that the biological processes altered within the body after taking MXSGD were closely related to the regulation of such processes as the acute inflammatory response, chemokine production, vascular permeability, response to oxygen radicals, oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, T cell differentiation involved in the immune response, immunoglobulin secretion, and extracellular matrix disassembly. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the targets of MXSGD were significantly enriched in inflammation-related pathways, immunomodulation-related pathways, and viral infection-related pathways. The therapeutic mechanisms of MXSGD on COVID-19 may primarily involve the following effects: reducing inflammation, suppressing cytokine storm, protecting the pulmonary alveolar-capillary barrier, alleviating pulmonary edema, regulating the immune response, and decreasing fever.

[Exploration of omics mechanism and drug prediction of coronavirus-induced heart failure based on clinical bioinformatics].

Objective: Present study investigated the mechanism of heart failure associated with coronavirus infection and predicted potential effective therapeutic drugs against heart failure associated with coronavirus infection. Methods: Coronavirus and heart failure were searched in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and omics data were selected to meet experimental requirements. Differentially expressed genes were analyzed using the Limma package in R language to screen for differentially expressed genes. The two sets of differential genes were introduced into the R language cluster Profiler package for gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto gene and genome encyclopedia (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Two sets of intersections were taken. A protein interaction network was constructed for all differentially expressed genes using STRING database and core genes were screened. Finally, the apparently accurate treatment prediction platform (EpiMed) independently developed by the team was used to predict the therapeutic drug. Results: The GSE59185 coronavirus data set was searched and screened in the GEO database, and divided into wt group, ΔE group, Δ3 group, Δ5 group according to different subtypes, and compared with control group. After the difference analysis, 191 up-regulated genes and 18 down-regulated genes were defined. The GEO126062 heart failure data set was retrieved and screened from the GEO database. A total of 495 differentially expressed genes were screened, of which 165 were up-regulated and 330 were down-regulated. Correlation analysis of differentially expressed genes between coronavirus and heart failure was performed. After cross processing, there were 20 GO entries, which were mainly enriched in virus response, virus defense response, type Ⅰ interferon response, γ interferon regulation, innate immune response regulation, negative regulation of virus life cycle, replication regulation of viral genome, etc. There were 5 KEGG pathways, mainly interacting with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, interleukin (IL)-17 signaling pathway, cytokine and receptor interaction, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, human giant cells viral infection related. All differentially expressed genes were introduced into the STRING online analysis website for protein interaction network analysis, and core genes such as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, IL-10, IL17, TNF, interferon regulatory factor 9, 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1, mitogen-activated protein kinase 3, radical s-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2, c-x-c motif chemokine ligand 10, caspase 3 and other genes were screened. The drugs predicted by EpiMed's apparent precision treatment prediction platform for disease-drug association analysis were mainly TNF-α inhibitors, resveratrol, ritonavir, paeony, retinoic acid, forsythia, and houttuynia cordata. Conclusions: The abnormal activation of multiple inflammatory pathways may be the cause of heart failure in patients after coronavirus infection. Resveratrol, ritonavir, retinoic acid, amaranth, forsythia, houttuynia may have therapeutic effects. Future basic and clinical research is warranted to validate present results and hypothesis.